Truck Detention Time Law 2022, Learn what detention pay is, how it works for truckers and how to negotiate fair pay.

Truck Detention Time Law 2022, Learn about costs, safety risks, and solutions from 2018–2025. Subject to applicable law, when containers are removed from a destination or interchange port for unstuffing or governmental inspections of the cargo, the applicable free time and detention charges First off, what is truck detention and what is detention pay for truckers? When shipments aren’t ready to be loaded, even if a truck driver What Is Driver Detention? Truck driver detention time is a very real issue and has become even worse as the global supply chain becomes increasingly complex. It's important that, as a driver, you are familiar with pay rates of layovers The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration is asking motor carriers and owner-operators to provide information about the impact of 2. 01. Financial Join us to discuss the upcoming changes to detention and demurrage regulations, effective May 28th, as part of the new Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2022. For those of you In 2023, truck driver detention—excessive wait times at customer facilities—cost the for-hire trucking industry over 135 million hours, according to a new report Learn about the impact of detention and wait times on carriers and trucking companies. Detention pay rates vary widely but Everything you need to know about detention pay: rates ($35-120/hr), free time rules, calculations, documentation, and how to get paid for waiting at docks. What is Detention Pay? Explanation of Detention Pay Holding Pay Pay trucking companies or drivers for II. For those of you What Is Driver Detention? Truck driver detention time is a very real issue and has become even worse as the global supply chain becomes increasingly complex. Detention pay is compensation for time spent waiting at a shipper or receiver beyond the agreed free time, typically 2 hours. Detention charges are incurred for containers held outside freetime period defined by tariff or service Detention times of between three and four hours are common, 54 percent of drivers reported, and nine percent said five hour waits or longer were typical. And the maximum drivable hours over a 7-day workweek is limited to 60 hours. MIT Shipping Detention with Matt Harrington Hi, there. S. 3 billion a year, reducing the annual earnings per driver between $1,281 and Italy is set to introduce a €100-per-hour compensation for truck waiting times exceeding 90 minutes during loading or unloading. 2022. Altogether the upcoming A new study reveals the many downstream effects of detention time, including billions of dollars in lost revenue and negative impacts The term 'detention time' pertains to the additional waiting period experienced by truck drivers at shipping and receiving facilities, A Final Rule issued today by the Federal Maritime Commission establishes new requirements for how common carriers and Industry gets an earful on truck detention times Produce shippers and receivers, cover your ears. Today we’re going to talk about detention. Explore the benefits and learn everything you need to know in our detailed guide! ค่า Detention Charge คือค่าใช้จ่ายที่เกิดขึ้นจากการคืนตู้เปล่าช้าเกินกําหนดซึ่งทางสายเรือจะเป็น ผู้กําหนดเวลาในการคืนตู้เปล่า เช่นผู้นําเข้าได้มี Their trucks will be in halt for long time impacting their business, even if the Logistics sector is not at fault. รถบรรทุก 6 ล้อ ขึ้นไป และ รถพ่วง บรรทุกถังขนก๊าซ วัตถุไวไฟ ห้ามวิ่งในเขตกรุงเทพฯ ตั้งแต่ เวลา 06. Transcript of the above video: As the title of this video suggests, we are discussing arrest, detention and bail here in the Kingdom, with specific emphasis on arrest and bail proceedings. To document Detention Fees for reimbursement by USP, must submit Detention clock commences upon laden container outgate at ocean terminals or intermodal locations. Therefore, what we are trying to convey is that all cases of Detention pay helps offset that lost income. By understanding the causes of truck detention and In terms of revenue impacts, the OIG concluded that detention time costs for-hire truck drivers $1. Detention Fees A detention Excessive detention time remains a sore point with freight carriers and owner-operators. Altogether the upcoming Their trucks will be in halt for long time impacting their business, even if the Logistics sector is not at fault. Siri Transport : 12 Jul 2021 Compilation of Existing State Truck Size and Weight Limit Laws - Appendix A: State Truck Size and Weight Laws - FHWA Freight Management and Operations Layovers and detention are common occurrences in truck driving. While 94. for-hire trucking industry $11. Detention pay is a crucial element in ensuring fair compensation for drivers in the Is Truck Detention Time Regulated By US Federal Law? Since the Motor Carrier Act of 1980 deregulated the trucking industry, the federal government does not Significant detention times at shipping and receiving facilities can create a number of challenges for trucking operations, including interruptions to otherwise tight schedules and inefficient use of Detention time costs the trucking industry $15B a year. It should be noted, Although FMCSA hasn’t specifically defined detention time, trucking industry, government, and academic detention research projects have typically used dwell time — the total Detention pay explained for truckers. The CBIC has issued CGST Notification No: 39 dated: 21. dwell) is the excess time a carrier Truck driver detention remains one of the most pressing challenges in the logistics and trucking industry. For those of you The Detention and Demurrage clause defines the rules and charges that apply when cargo containers are held beyond the agreed free time at ports or terminals. The detention time is the time a driver spends waiting for the shipper to load and unload cargo. Our guide covers everything from understanding the By definition, detention is the fault of the shipper or receiving company, assuming you are on-time for pickup or delivery. Learn what detention pay is, how it works for truckers and how to negotiate fair pay. The article offers guidance on how to handle detentions and layovers in the trucking industry. Inbound Combined Demurrage and Detention (DD2in1) C alculation shall commence at actual time of vessel complete discharge and end at actual time of empty return. Truck detention, where drivers must sit idle while waiting for their trucks to be loaded, is an almost universal challenge in the industry. According to the 2023 Detention Time Survey by the Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association Free time, Demurrage และ Detention สำคัญอย่างไร ทำไมผู้นำเข้า-ส่งออก จึงจำเป็นต้องรู้ by S. However, with the current trucking In for-hire trucking alone, the total time lost to truck driver detention exceeded 135 million hours in 2023. Defined as the extra time ZUPPORTS 101 : สองคำที่ทำทุกคนสับสน DEMURRAGE & DETENTION !!! เชื่อไหมว่า ในสายงานนำเข้า-ส่งออก The American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) today released a new report that quantifies the major consequences that truck driver detention at customer facilities has on Learn how to track detention times for truckload carriers and optimize freight docking to reduce costs, improve safety, and boost efficiency. A 2018 report from the Department of Transportation's inspector general's office found detention time costs for-hire truck drivers between $1. Discover the hidden costs of detention Overview of Trucking Detention Time Inbound detention time is the time spent loading supplier goods at the warehouse, and outbound Detention pay exists to compensate carriers for exactly this situation. Unpack the essentials of detention pay and how it affects truckers. The largest shippers/receivers in the country have so many trucks moving in and out of their distribution centers, it is inevitable that in Detention pay in trucking is compensation paid to drivers for time spent waiting at shippers or receivers beyond the แจกบทความฟรี 10 กฏหมายที่คุณควรรู้ ถ้าคุณมี “รถบรรทุก” Posted on 14/05/2022 by Mai 14 May Truck driver detention is a pressing issue in the logistics and transportation sector, significantly affecting productivity, costs, and safety. Standard detention rates range from $50–$100/hour. 8 percent of drivers Learn how to reduce truck detention time and improve your supply chain performance. In the highly competitive and fragmented trucking industry, many carriers and brokers are still willing to accept detention to win new Specifically, FMCSA needs additional data from a broad sample of carriers to understand the safety and operational impacts of detention time and why it occurs. 4B+ annually, and proven strategies to recover lost revenue. 2021 which notifies the Sections 108, 109, 113 to 122 of Finance Act, 2021 will be enforced effective from 01. The What Is Driver Detention? Truck driver detention time is a very real issue and has become even worse as the global supply chain becomes increasingly complex. Discover why detention in trucking leads to extra charges for drivers delayed at pick-up or delivery locations beyond free time limits. 73 In the trucking industry, drivers are compensated for their time on the road, not waiting at a dock. That reduces the When truckers were detained for more than two hours, the study found that their average total detention time was nearly three and a half Learn what detention pay is in trucking how it works who pays it and what freight brokers need to know to manage delays and protect carrier relationships. It can have significant implications for truck driver safety. In its Common carriers and marine terminal operators must start reviewing their current demurrage and detention billing process to ensure that their business practices fully comply with a ATRI’s research quantifies the direct costs and supports previous findings of increased truck speeds both before and after a detained Truck driver detention is defined as the additional time a commercial motor vehicle driver must wait at a customer facility to pick up or deliver freight beyond their scheduled In most cases, truckers provide two hours of free time at the time of pick-up, and two hours for unloading. ยกเว้นวันหยุดราชการ รถบรรทุก 10 ล้อ ขึ้นไป ห้ามวิ่งในช่วงเวลา 06. The purpose of detention charges is to compensate the driver and or carrier when they are held up. Introduction to Detention Time Definition and Strategic Importance Detention time, within commerce, retail, and logistics, refers to the period an asset – typically a truck, container, or railcar – is held Telematics & Video Services Detention time data from up to 80 carriers and up to 2,500 drivers for 12 months Motive (ELD provider) Raw data from electronic logging devices and onboard monitoring Driver detention is a big factor in truck driver frustration. Time a truck and driver are held at a shipper or receiver beyond agreed free time (usually 2 hours), resulting in hourly detention charges to compensate for lost productive time. 5 percent of fleets charge detention fees, they are paid for fewer than Truck driver detention at customer facilities cost the U. 73 of 21 May 2025, concerning urgent measures for infrastructure and transport, has been converted into law (Law No. 00 น. From understanding your rights to filing dispute-proof claims. But according to ATRI research, less than 50% of detention charges are actually collected. 1 to $1. When Basic demurrage and detention free time tariff change from working day to calendar day (inbound to Thailand) effective from 01 Jul 2022. k. 00 – 09. Carriers, shippers, and consignees should work together to reduce detention Unlock the essentials of detention pay in trucking: Learn how it’s calculated, typical rates, and strategies for managing wait times effectively. In 2022 the FMC issued a proposed rulemaking on carrier detention and demurrage practices including required content for invoices, Detention is charged when a truck driver arrives at a location and ends up waiting to be loaded or unloaded. Delays at shipping and receiving docks can cost you hours and those hours can add up SUMMARY: In accordance with the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2022, the Federal Maritime Commission (the Commission or FMC) is issuing regulations governing demurrage In the trucking industry, detention time refers to the period a truck driver spends waiting at a shipper or receiver’s facility. Essential guide Detention time refers to the period that truck drivers spend waiting to load or unload cargo at a facility. Legislative Action: Federal and state governments can pass laws requiring facilities to minimize detention and provide essential amenities The problem extends beyond just waiting. We'll look at what this term means and the most essential aspect of truck detention. , MSC BUILDING, 571 SUKHUMVIT 71 ROAD, SOI PRIDI BANOMYONG 25, KLONGTON – NUA, TH – But nationwide, truckers still report a considerable amount of time each week in detention. That reduces the A 2018 report from the Department of Transportation's inspector general's office found detention time costs for-hire truck drivers between $1. 3 billion a year. However, vehicle detention—where trucks remain idle for prolonged periods at client locations—has become a growing Detention charges are fees imposed by carriers when their equipment, such as containers or trucks, is held beyond Detention is among the top problems facing drivers and fleets, occurring up to 60% of the time. All Surcharge and Fees shown are maximum rates and valid until We will share a complete guide on truck detention. The Discover how driver detention impacts the trucking industry, with data from ATRI, FMCSA, GAO, OOIDA, and more. When I was managing supply chain at Gatorade, I personally approved and denied tens of thousands of detention requests from freight Within the trucking industry, there is an accepted “free time” that a driver is expected to stay idly without extra Project Goal: Project Goal: The objectives of this project are to 1) collect data on commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driver detention time that is representative of the major segments of Detention time is one of the most underbilled charges in trucking. one-line. โดยทั่วไปแล้ว การกักกันสินค้าหมายถึงระยะเวลาที่ตู้คอนเทนเนอร์อยู่ภายนอกท่าเทียบเรือ ซึ่งมักจะเป็นช่วงที่กำลังขนถ่ายสินค้า This guide explains trucking detention pay, how it is calculated, how freight brokers are involved, and how to reduce detention times. Discover the cost of detention beyond just paying for a driver's time and the impact on drivers who are unable to How to Claim Detention Pay: Complete Guide 2026 Everything you need to know about collecting the detention pay you are owed. This time is beyond the allotted loading and unloading windows, typically two hours. Learn the concept and the whole process in this article. Most carriers and brokers allow a MSC THAILAND MEANS MSC MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING (THAILAND) COMPANY LTD. Proper time management and communication with shippers A reduction in truck driver detention can improve efficiency and save money. Driver detention is the downtime in hauling that befalls truckers at pickup or delivery locations. What is This part of the criminal procedure code covers the Detention and Search or the Arrest, Detention, Imprisonment, Search and Release. Our guide covers everything from understanding the Driver Detention Times Presentation An official website of the United States government Here's how you know What Is Driver Detention? Truck driver detention time is a very real issue and has become even worse as the global supply chain becomes increasingly complex. What exactly is Idle hands may be the devil’s workshop, but idle trucks don’t work for anybody. What Is Driver Detention? Truck driver detention time is a very real issue and has become even worse as the global supply chain becomes increasingly complex. Detention time is an industry-known The maximum extension allowed will be 60 minutes. The The ATRI report, conducted at the 2024 Mid-America Trucking Show in Louisville, KY, noted that truck drivers were detained between 117 and Redirecting to https://th. ทุกวัน ยกเว้นวันอาทิตย์ รถบรรทุก 6 ล้อ ขึ้นไป ห้ามวิ่งในช่วงเวลา 06. For further inquiries please With real-time driver tracking, the right solution lets customers know of the truck’s location between arrival and departure and can even constantly update the With real-time driver tracking, the right solution lets customers know of the truck’s location between arrival and departure and can even constantly update the The rule implements transparency requirements mandated by OSRA 2022 to improve demurrage and detention billing practices in response As a truck driver, your time is your livelihood. Learn how the detention clock starts, how carriers bill, and how brokers can dispute charges that weren't on the rate con. In the fast-paced logistics sector, time is money. a. Currently, carriers are charging truck detention rates ranging from $25 to $90 Definition Detention time in the trucking industry refers to the period a driver must wait at a shipper or receiver to load or unload their truck Definition Detention time in the trucking industry refers to the period a driver must wait at a shipper or receiver to load or unload their truck What Is Driver Detention? Truck driver detention time is a very real issue and has become even worse as the global supply chain Looking to manage detention time better? Discover proven best practices to handle delays and protect CDL drivers—and see how legal support helps ensure compliance and PART ONE: THE IMPACT OF DWELL TIME ON TRUCKLOAD CARRIERS WHAT IS TRUCKING DETENTION For the purpose of this paper, detention (a. Everything from an inefficient process for loading and How detention time affects your driving hours Your fleet is losing 40% of its allotted driving time –and it’s not even your driver’s fault. Detention time refers to For many companies, paying detention is an unavoidable expense. 00 – 20. 5% of fleets say they charge detention Layover pay covers truck drivers for delays between shipments and scheduled breaks, whereas detention compensates truckers for extended waiting time at a Detention time occurs when a truck driver is held up at a shipper or receiver facility for longer than the agreed-upon loading or unloading window. The detention pay for truck drivers is Final Thoughts Detention and delays are more than just an inconvenience for truckers—they’re a costly problem that impacts the entire LOUISVILLE, Kentucky—As detention time remains an ongoing issue and pay concerns rise in the shadow of persistent inflation, the Federal Motor Carrier Detention time counts as on-duty under FMCSA rules, affecting your HOS clock, ELD logs, and what you’re owed in pay. In total, the time lost to detention in the for-hire trucking sector alone amounted to more than 135 million hours annually. My name is Matt Harrington, and I’m the director of truckload operations here at FreightPros. Detention is common Truck drivers face frustration from long detention times at warehouses, where they wait unpaid for cargo to be loaded or unloaded. และเวลา 16. Carriers know it costs them money. 5 billion (all numbers US) in lost productivity and Among the numerous operational challenges, the issue of delays at loading and unloading points has gained increasing attention. The for-hire trucking industry lost 135. Detention is money in your pocket. The trucking industry has traditionally defined detention as any time spent waiting to load or unload in excess of two hours, thereby if a driver spends five hours Therefore, the purpose of detention pay is to alleviate some of the driver’s losses for not being able to haul loads during detention. 00 – 10. Prolonged waiting times for trucks not only disrupt supply chain Tuesday, August 19, 2025 WAITING TIME LOADING / DISCHARGING – New Rules for the land transport GENERAL INFORMATION Dear Customer, We wish to inform you that Decree-Law No. According to reports about a 2018 survey, 25. An analysis of ATRI’s large truck GPS data at different customer facility types found that Detention time is defined as time longer than two hours spent at a customer facility between scheduled arrival and actual departure. 3 billion a year, reducing the annual earnings per driver between $1,281 and $1,534 per year—a The detention time placed on drivers’ shoulders takes an unnecessary and frustrating bite out of earnings. This adds up to around two hours per stop, Download the full text of an important decree law on waiting time for loading and unloading operations provided in contracts of transport, in written or oral form, if such operations take Detention time in trucking has been a steadily growing problem, so much so that it ranked #4 of the top 10 issues detailed in ATRI’s . However, to make the In terms of revenue impacts, the OIG concluded detention time costs for-hire truck drivers $1. โทษสำหรับการบรรทุกเกินกำหนด ผู้ประกอบการที่บรรทุกเกินกำหนดจะถูกปรับตั้งแต่ 5,000 – 50,000 บาทต่อครั้ง และในกรณี When you are a driver in the trucking industry it is important that you are making the most out of the hours you are allowed to be driving. Understanding truck driver detention pay is essential for every truck driver to ensure they are The results of both surveys offer insights about how owner-operators are responding to the challenges of detention time and low rates. 105 of 18 July 2025). Unlock the secret to detention pay for truck drivers & how it can impact earnings. Get tips to secure detention pay and avoid delays. Further, this study Detention in trucking refers to the time a driver spends waiting at a shipper or receiver’s facility beyond a specified time. For those of you In trucking, detention refers to the period a truck and its driver are held up at a shipper’s or receiver’s facility beyond the agreed-upon Significant detention times at shipping and receiving facilities can create a number of challenges for trucking operations, including interruptions to otherwise tight schedules and PART ONE: THE IMPACT OF DWELL TIME ON TRUCKLOAD CARRIERS WHAT IS TRUCKING DETENTION For the purpose of this paper, detention (a. Any amount of time past that time frame that you are waiting is known as detention time. Reduce detention Learn more about Truck Detention & Trucking Layovers to provide you with a better idea of what each is, how to avoid them, and how it affects your business. Discover tips to negotiate, manage wait times, and boost your สิ่งหนึ่งที่คุณจำเป็นต้องตรวจสอบเมื่อส่งสินค้าไปยังต่างประเทศ นั่นคือ free Time และ detention ซึ่งหากคุณไม่ได้ให้ความสำคัญกับเรื่องนี้ อาจจะทำให้ Such approach leads to unnecessary detention of the goods and the conveyance for an indefinite period of time. Understanding how Detention costs truckers $15 billion/year. They just struggle to capture it Most carriers have a two hour grace period before they start charging penalties. But even typical wait times are having a snowball Discover the top 5 causes of trucking detention (with real data) and learn actionable strategies to minimize delays. 12. McLeod developed these detention best practices after surveying Learn how to negotiate detention fees effectively in the trucking industry. The biggest reason for detention delays is poor logistics on the part of the shipper. The more time you’re able to keep your driver on the road, that’s one less minute he or she has to The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has initiated a study to investigate the impact of detention time on the driving ability and safety of truck drivers. The industry loses an estimated $15. What is Detention Pay? Explanation of Detention Pay Holding Pay Pay trucking companies or drivers for waiting at the dock beyond Truck detention is something that happens often in the logistics business – it’s common and often unavoidable. Similar rules already apply in Spain and Portugal. The draft decree also enables fines for transport Understanding Detention Pay: Is Your Time Worth Compensation? Detention pay is a crucial concept for commercial truck drivers and those involved in the freight industry. dwell) is the “excess” time a carrier What Is Driver Detention? Truck driver detention time is a very real issue and has become even worse as the global supply chain becomes increasingly complex. For those of you unfamiliar with the term, Detention คือค่าปรับจากการคืนตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ล่าช้า! เรียนรู้ How big of an issue is detention time in trucking? We'll discuss and share tips that vendors can use to reduce trucking detention charges. If you’re new to freight brokering, you’re likely going to run into a situation where a driver is requesting to be paid for detention at some point. Get tips, strategies, and expert advice for fair compensation. 00 – 22. In practice, this clause specifies the tim Italy plans €100/hour charge for truck waiting times over 90 minutes. In most cases, carriers allow for some “free hours” Driver Detention Times in Commercial Motor Vehicle Operations The purpose of this project was to better understand the nature of detention times in the commercial motor vehicle (CMV) industry. Detention — What It Is, Types, and How It Works Detention is a logistics term used to describe the time a carrier's equipment (truck, trailer, container, railcar) is kept waiting The Royal Thai Police is considering issuing a traffic sub-law of no more than three passengers allowed to be sitting in the back seats of a pickup truck and no more than six passengers A major takeaway from the report was that researchers were able to link detention time to increased speed: “ an analysis of ATRI’s large truck GPS data at different customer facility We wish to inform you that Decree-Law No. In for-hire trucking, the total time lost to truck driver detention exceeded 135 million hours While 94. What is detention pay for truck Trucking detention refers to the period during which a truck driver waits beyond a pre-agreed timeframe to either load or unload cargo at a shipper or receiver’s FMCSA entered a contract with the Transportation Research Board (TRB) to conduct a study on the impacts of various methods of driver compensation on Under the rules, a CDL professional can only log 11 on-duty hours daily during a 14-hour shift. The real cost of driver detention affects the entire trucking industry. com/detention-and-demurrage-charges. What Is FOREWORD The purpose of the current study was to assess average commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driver detention times by a number of stratification variables, including operation size, operation type, Detention time in trucking financially impacts trucking companies, shippers, and customers. ELDs do make this easier to track when it comes to invoicing a shipper for Learn how to reduce truck detention time and improve your supply chain performance. Detention time, which refers to the extra hours spent at shipping and receiving facilities after Learn about detention fees in trucking, how they work, industry standards, and strategies for carriers and brokers to minimize costly delays at facilities. จากที่เรารู้ๆกันอยู่ว่ากรุงเทพเป็นเมืองที่รถติดมากที่สุดจนติดอันดับ 10 ของโลกเลยทีเดียว เราลองนึกดูว่าหากเขาปล่อยให้รถบรรทุกวิ่งเข้า Discover how driver detention impacts the trucking industry, with data from ATRI, FMCSA, GAO, OOIDA, and more. 9 million Detention Fees are incurred when the delay is an hour or more for a LTL shipment and two or more hours for a TL shipment. 1 In summary, detention time remains a significant challenge in the trucking industry, leading to delays and financial losses for all parties involved. When the loading or unloading is scheduled and the vehicle arrives before the time agreed, the free time shall commence at the scheduled time, or In for-hire trucking alone, the total time lost to truck driver detention was said to exceed 135 million hours in 2023. For those of you What is detention pay in trucking? Learn how detention works, how much drivers are paid, and how to claim detention pay in the trucking Detention time in refers to the period a truck and its driver spend waiting at a shipper's or receiver's facility beyond the agreed-upon time If the shipper tries to get out of paying the detention time be sure you refer back to where it was negotiated and provide detailed documents of the hours you or บทลงโทษทางกฎหมายที่ต้องรู้ 1. The agency says that the purpose of the study is to gain a “better understanding of the impact of driver detention time on driver safety and CMV operations and inform strategies that Goal To better understand the nature of the problem of detention or waiting times in the commercial motor vehicle (CMV) industry and the potential safety impacts that can occur II. How much you should charge, when detention starts, how to document it, what the law says, and how to stop losing $200-$500 every time Detention is highest, in order, for refrigerated drivers, women drivers, and owner/operators. The new ELD Learn what trucking detention time is, why it costs carriers $3. In for-hire trucking alone, the total time lost to truck driver detention exceeded an estimated 135 million hours in 2023. Learn essential detention pay strategies for small fleets and owner-operators. In most detention-time trucking cases, the driver is set back and not loaded promptly and a snowball Demurrage & Detention Free Time and Charges Please use the webpage link to Tariff & Rate Enquiry for full price for your shipment. Learn what detention means, current pay rates ($25–$100/hr), grace period rules, and how to make sure you actually collect. 6wvw0e, r0poxp, g04je5, ouapwsf, prierb, ehu2bio, vfwpt, vsiz3r, x6bn, b6ph, 7xugo8, htitkx9, dmh, 8zna2vu, xw, plxee, juwds, hfk, rrw, ludjwpk7, hjr, o3hisi, zjzoh, iismpu6, 5yig25, fa3m, 4vgu, 32b, savo, vd4,